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Methane (the system name is “carbonane”, but it will only appear when introducing the system nomenclature. It is generally used in the natural name “methane”). It is widely distributed in nature. Methane is the simplest organic matter, natural gas, biogas, and gas. The main component of the class, commonly known as gas. It is also the hydrocarbon with the smallest carbon content (the largest hydrogen content), and is also the main component of natural gas, biogas, oil field gas and coal mine pit gas. It can be used as a fuel and as a raw material for the production of hydrogen, carbon black, carbon monoxide, acetylene, hydrocyanic acid and formaldehyde.

Among the halogenation of methane, there are mainly chlorination and bromination. The reaction between methane and fluorine is a large amount of exothermic. Once the reaction occurs, a large amount of heat is difficult to remove, destroying the generated fluoromethane, and only carbon and hydrogen fluoride are obtained. Therefore, the direct fluorination reaction is difficult to achieve and needs to be diluted with a rare gas. Iodine and methane need to react

For higher activation energy, the reaction is difficult to carry out. Therefore, iodine cannot be directly substituted with methane to form methyl iodide. But its reverse reaction is easy to carry out.

Taking chlorination as an example: it can be seen that the yellow-green gas of chlorine in the test tube gradually fades, white mist is formed, and oily droplets are formed on the inner wall of the test tube, which is the methyl chloride and dichloride formed by the reaction of methane and chlorine. A mixture of methane, chloroform (or chloroform), carbon tetrachloride (or tetrachloromethane), hydrogen chloride, and a small amount of ethane (impurities).

Methane can form caged hydrates, and methane is encased in "cage". This is the flammable ice we often say. It is an ice-like, non-stoichiometric, composed of water and natural gas mixed under medium and high pressure conditions under certain conditions (suitable temperature, pressure, gas saturation, water salinity, pH, etc.) Cage-like crystal compound (carbon has a large electronegativity, and under high pressure, it can attract hydrogen atoms similar to each other to form a hydrogen bond to form a cage structure).